Law Enforcement of Environmental Crimes in Indonesia

Abstract

The problem of environmental pollution and destruction in Indonesia remains
a serious issue with a broad impact on the sustainability of ecosystems and
human life. This condition demands effective law enforcement against
environmental crimes. This study aims to analyze the concept of
environmental crimes, the types of environmental crimes, the role of law
enforcement officers, and the application of legal sanctions based on Law
Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management.
The research method used is a normative juridical approach with a descriptive
qualitative research type. Data were obtained through a literature study by
reviewing relevant laws and regulations, legal literature, and scientific
journals. The research stages include problem identification, collection and
classification of legal materials, juridical analysis, and drawing conclusions.
The results show that environmental crimes are classified as crimes that
include material and formal offenses, with various forms of acts such as
environmental pollution, environmental destruction, management of B3 waste
without a permit, violation of environmental permits, crimes against
biodiversity, and illegal mining. Law enforcement involves the Ministry of
Environment and Forestry, the Police, and the Prosecutor's Office, and is
supported by the application of criminal, administrative, and civil sanctions.
However, in practice, law enforcement still faces obstacles, particularly in
terms of proof and the effectiveness of sanctions, which have not yet fully
provided a deterrent effect. This research is expected to provide academic
contributions to the development of environmental law studies and serve as a
consideration for strengthening environmental law enforcement in Indonesia.