Worker Protection in the Gig Economy: Reformulating Indonesian Labor Law through Positive and Islamic Law Perspectives
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70826/jcisnu.v3i2.1953Keywords:
Gig Economy, Islamic Law, Labor Law, Worker Protection , Legal ReformAbstract
The development of the gig economy based on digital platforms creates work flexibility, but at the same time creates uncertainty about the legal status and worker protection gap in the Indonesian labor system. This study aims to analyze the adequacy of Indonesia's positive laws in protecting gig economy workers and formulate a legal reformulation model based on the perspective of positive law and Islamic law. The research uses normative legal methods with legislative, conceptual, comparative, and Islamic law approaches. Legal materials are analyzed qualitatively and prescriptively to identify legal gaps and formulate more adaptive legal constructions. Research shows that formal status-based protection approaches are inadequate because platform control takes place through algorithms, incentive systems, ratings, job distribution, and deactivation. Reformulation needs to use substantive indicators in the form of control, economic dependency, risk, and the factual character of the employment relationship. The principles of 'adl, ijarah, maslahah, ḥifẓ al-māl, and ḥifẓ al-nafs reinforce the orientation of these protections. The layered protection model is more relevant than the binary classification of workers and partners. Indonesia needs to establish a work platform regulatory framework that guarantees fair remuneration, portable social security, occupational safety, algorithmic transparency, data protection, and access to justice by taking into account the development of ILO Convention No. 193 of 2026.
Downloads
References
Abdullah, M., Moonti, R. M., & Ahmad, I. (2026). Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Pekerja dalam Proses Penyelesaian Sengketa di Pengadilan Hubungan Industrial. Jembatan Hukum: Kajian Ilmu Hukum, Sosial Dan Administrasi Negara, 3(2), hlm. 203-216. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.62383/jembatan.v3i2.3298
Ali, A. A., & Fitrian, A. F. (2022). Jurnal: KEPASTIAN HUKUM PENERAPAN ASAS KEBEBASAN BERKONTRAK DALAM SEBUAH PERJANJIAN BAKU DITINJAU BERDASARKAN PASAL 1338 KITAB UNDANG-UNDANG HUKUM PERDATA. Sentri: Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, 1(2), hlm. 270-278. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55681/sentri.v1i2.234
Altaira, A., Rafi, A. I., & Putra, F. A. A. (2026). Rekonstruksi Hubungan Pekerja Gig sebagai Hubungan Sui Generis di Era Digital. Recht Studiosum Law Review, 5(1), hlm. 66-80. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32734/rslr.v5i1.25247
Alwi, M., Kara, M., Abdullah, M. W., & Fachrurrazy, M. (2022). Konsep maqasid as syariah dalam perbankan syariah. Al-Amwal: Journal of Islamic Economic Law, 7(2), hlm. 56-80. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24256/alw.v7i2.3549
Amalia, N., & Kurniawati, F. (2026). Ijarah Digital dalam Ekonomi Gig: Menuju Kerangka Tata Kelola Syariah pada Platform Freelancer: Digital Ijarah in the Gig Economy: Toward an Islamic Governance Framework for Freelance Platform Labor. JEIZA: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam Az-Zain, 2(2), hlm. 31-42. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.67153/jeiza.2026.v2i2.86
Archon, A., Patimah, S., Danella, X., & PN, S. S. (2026). Rekonstruksi Perlindungan Hukum Pekerja dalam Gig Economy di Indonesia melalui Pendekatan Berbasis Hak dan Reformasi Regulasi: Penelitian. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Dan Riset Pendidikan, 4(4), hlm. 24337-24346. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31004/jerkin.v4i4.6077
Aryani, K. A. T. (2026). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Hak-Hak Pekerja Lepas Dalam Perkembangan Gig Economy di Indonesia. Journal of Legal, Political, and Humanistic Inquiry, 1(3), hlm. 31-39. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.65310/gw9wsx40
Atmari, A., & Sudjai, S. (2023). Reformulasi Perlindungan Hukum Pekerja Perempuan Dalam Hubungan Kerja Fleksibel Berbasis Keadilan Gender. Saraq Opat: Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 5(2), hlm. 90-117. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55542/xasdmr60
Dalimunthe, N., Ananda, A. P., Fadillah, M. I., Sinaga, N. A., & Pohan, S. H. (2026). Efektivitas Regulasi Ketenagakerjaan dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Pekerja di Indonesia:(Tinjauan Hukum Bisnis). Digital Bisnis: Jurnal Publikasi Ilmu Manajemen Dan E-Commerce, 5(1), hlm. 312-324. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30640/digital.v5i1.7140
Dananjaya, I. K., Undari, N. K. A. S., & Halmadiningrat, I. M. (2023). Reformulasi hubungan kerja bagi driver online: Analisis kekosongan hukum untuk mengkonstruksi pekerjaan yang layak. Jurnal Yustika: Media Hukum Dan Keadilan, 26(01), hlm. 58-72. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24123/yustika.v26i01.6140
Fadhlulloh, Q. H., Utama, Z. A., & Aji, P. B. S. (2025). Model Ketenagakerjaan Pekerja Platform. Citizen: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Indonesia, 5(5), hlm. 1521-1527. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.53866/jimi.v5i5.1010
Firdaus, M. F., Abd Goffar, M., Aziz, M. A., Yasar, M., Ramadhani, A., & Sari, N. P. (2026). The Algorithmic Transparency Paradox How Algorithmic Control And Job Demands Drive Turnover Intention Among Digital Platform Workers. Integrative Conference on Bussiness Ans Islamic Studies, 1(1), hlm. 215-231. https://ejournal.uniramalang.ac.id/iconbis/en/article/view/10789
Hamzah, A. F., Yahia, N. E., Larasati, G. A., Diksy, K. P., & Sinaga, E. N. R. (2025). PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP PEKERJA DALAM PERJANJIAN OUTSOURCING PADA ERA GIG ECONOMY DI INDONESIA. Jurnal BATAVIA, 2(5), hlm. 305-316. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.64578/batavia.v2i5.217
Hananto, M. R., & Lie, G. (2024). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Hak Pekerja Pada Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja Sepihak Oleh Perusahaan (Studi Putusan Nomor 361/PDT. SUS PHI/2023/PN. JKT. PST). UNES Law Review, 6(4), hlm. 10711-10722. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31933/unesrev.v6i4.2047
Hardinata, M. F., Badariah, S., Oktafiana, D., & Candra, M. (2024). Perlindungan hukum pekerja terhadap pekerja di Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum, Politik Dan Ilmu Sosial, 3(1), hlm. 183-196. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55606/jhpis.v3i1.3200
Harsayudi, A., Margono, F. X. S., & Ahoen, B. (2026). Perlindungan Pekerja dalam Kemitraan Semu: Analisis Putusan Nomor 191/Pdt. Sus-PHI/2023/PN Jkt. Pst. Social Science Academic, 4(2), hlm. 163-174. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37680/ssa.10517
Kennedy, P. S. J. (2026). Gig Economy Dan Transformasi Kerja Digital: Analisis Dampak Terhadap Pekerja Dan Kebijakan. Journal of Business & Applied Management, 19(1), hlm. 18-47. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.30813/jbam.v19i1.9837
Limiardo, M., & Lie, G. (2025). Reevaluasi konsep kemitraan: Implikasi terhadap perlindungan hukum pekerja lepas dalam ekonomi gig Indonesia. Jurnal Serina Sosial Humaniora, 3(1), hlm. 1-10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24912/jssh.v3i1.36834
Lusiana, L. (2024). Keseimbangan dan keadilan ekonomi era society 5.0 pada perspektif maqasid syariah. FiTUA: Jurnal Studi Islam, 5(2), hlm. 152-168. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47625/fitua.v5i2.552
Nindy, B. S. (2026). Gig Economy Dan Kesejahteraan Pekerja Informal::(Studi Kasus Perlindungan Sosial Pengemudi Ojek Online). Jurnal QOSIM: Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial & Humaniora, 4(5), hlm. 2049-2064. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.61104/jq.v4i5.12667
Nugroho, A., & Kirana, K. C. (2024). Skema pengupahan karyawan pada perusahaan konstruksi berdasarkan risiko keselamatan kerja. Jurnal Teknologi Dan Manajemen Industri Terapan, 3(I), hlm. 67-77.
Pratami, A. D. (2025). Rekonstruksi Status Hukum Dependent Contractor Pekerja Gig Economy: Upaya Mengisi Kekosongan Hukum Antara Mitra dan Pekerja. Advances In Education Journal, 2(3), hlm. 1898-1907. https://doi.org/https://journal.al-afif.org/index.php/aej/article/view/646
Puannandini, D. A., Dzulfqar, D. A., Sandika, A., & Pradipta, M. A. (2025). KESEJAHTERAAN PEKERJA SEBAGAI UPAYA PERLINDUNGAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA. Jurnal Media Akademik (JMA), Vol.3(No.7), hlm.6. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.62281/v3i7.2558
Putra, R. K., Ramadhan, A. S., Imalia, T., & Widhiati, G. (2024). Perlindungan hukum bagi pekerja gig economy: Perspektif hukum perdata di Indonesia. Perkara: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Politik, 2(4), hlm. 553-564. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.51903/perkara.v2i4.2227
Putra, Y. A. (2025). Tinjauan Yuridis Penerapan Hubungan Kemitraan Dalam Praktik Ketenagakerjaan Di Indonesia. NUSANTARA: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial, 12(9), hlm. 3954-3967. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31604/jips.v12i9.2025.3961-3981
Silaen, M. R., Lestari, S., Nasya, R. F., Putri, A. R., & Novita, T. R. (2026). TRANSFORMASI HUKUM KETENAGAKERJAAN DI ERA DIGITAL: MENUJU KEADILAN KESEJAHTERAAN PEKERJA PLATFORM DI INDONESIA. IURIS NOTITIA: JURNAL ILMU HUKUM, 4(1), hlm. 1-6. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.69916/iuris.v4i1.432
Sinaga, E., Nurchalik, I., Siantar, B. S. P. L., & Sadiawati, D. (2026). Kedudukan Hukum Hubungan Kemitraan pada Platform Transportasi Digital Perusahaan Transnational Corporation dalam Perspektif Hukum Perdata Internasional: Penelitian. Jurnal Pustaka Cendekia Hukum Dan Ilmu Sosial, 4(1), hlm. 2048-2057. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.70292/pchukumsosial.v4i1.355
Sinaga, N. R., Azmi, S., & Ruslan, H. R. H. (2026). Implementasi Keputusan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum No 33/Kpts/M2025 Dalam Ketentuan Remunerasi Minimal Tenaga Kerja pada Jasa Konsultansi di Kota Medan. Judge: Jurnal Hukum, 6(11), hlm. 2463-2476. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.54209/judge.v6i11.2593
Sitinjak, R. F. M., Tampubolon, J. I. A., Nasution, M. F. N. R., Silitonga, L. A., Sitorus, D., Harahap, D. D., Pandia, T. Y., & Sitepu, G. M. E. (2026). HAK YANG TERSISIH DI ERA DIGITAL: PENELUSURAN SISTEMATIS TERHADAP CELAH PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM PEKERJA PLATFORM DAN GIG ECONOMY DALAM KERANGKA HUKUM KETENAGAKERJAAN NASIONAL. IKRA-ITH HUMANIORA: Jurnal Sosial Dan Humaniora, 10(1), hlm. 718-732. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37817/ikraith-humaniora.v10i1
Suyanto. (2023). Metode Penelitian Hukum Pengantar Penelitian Normatif, Empiris Dan Gabungan. Unigres Press.
Syaihuputra, B. M. M., Fauzyyah, N. P., Aritonang, C. D., & Putri, G. T. (2025). Gamifikasi dalam Industri Ojek Online: Pengaruh terhadap Perlindungan dan Kesejahteraan Pekerja. Forschungsforum Law Journal, 2(03), hlm. 236-246. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35586/flj.v2i03.10830
Wafi, N. H. (2025). Dekonstruksi hubungan kemitraan pada ekonomi gig: Tinjauan yuridis terhadap kontrol algoritmik dan kebebasan semu dalam kontrak. Journal of Legal, Political, and Humanistic Inquiry, 1(2), hlm. 213-221. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.65310/etn7nh72
Waluyo, EK, Silvia, D. A., & Zunari, L. (2025). ANALISIS HUKUM JUAL BELI AL-MAL AL-MUSYTARAK DAN AL-MAL AL-MUSYADALAM KONTEKS AKAD IJARAH. Jurnal Media Akademik (JMA), 3(6), hlm. 1-11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.62281/v3i6.2247
Wardhana, A. P. K., & Rasji, R. (2026). The Legal Status Of Gig Economy Workers In Indonesia’s Digital Platform Industry (2022-2025): Problematika Status Hukum Pekerja Gig Economy Dalam Industri Platform Digital Indonesia (2022-2025). Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review, 21(1), hlm. 10-21. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21070/ijler.v21i1.1402
Wicaksono, E. N. (2026). Implikasi Status Kemitraan Terhadap Keselamatan Kerja Driver Ojek Online. Jurnal Suara Keadilan, 27(1), hlm. 94-107. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24176/sk.v27i1.16978
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Ending Solehudin, Khairunnisa Siregar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
