Regulatory Challenges of Electronic Agreements in E-Commerce Transactions in Indonesia: Towards an Adaptive Legal Framework
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70826/jcisnu.v3i2.1951Keywords:
Adaptive Legal Framework, Consumer Protection, E-Commerce, Electronic Agreements, Regulatory ChallengesAbstract
The development of e-commerce has changed the formation of contractual relationships through the use of electronic contracts, click-wrap agreements, standard contracts, and digital platforms. Although Indonesia has recognized the applicability of electronic contracts, the development of digital transactions raises issues regarding regulatory coherence, consumer protection, transparency of approval, and platform responsibility. This study aims to analyze the regulatory challenges of electronic agreements in e-commerce transactions in Indonesia and formulate a legal framework that is adaptive to the development of digital technology. The research uses normative legal methods with legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches. Legal materials are analyzed qualitatively through regulatory gap analysis of contract law, electronic transactions, consumer protection, and trade through electronic systems. Research shows that the main problem lies not in the lack of legal recognition of electronic contracts, but in regulatory fragmentation, contractual imbalances, limited transparency of digital consent, and the lack of optimal construction of platform responsibilities. Indonesia's regulatory framework needs to shift from a formal approach to an adaptive approach that integrates legal certainty, regulatory coherence, substantive fairness, and digital accountability. There is a need for regulatory harmonization, strengthening of informed digital consent standards, risk-based platform responsibility, effective recovery mechanisms, and periodic regulatory evaluation.
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