Review of Islamic Law on Test Tube Babies and Artificial Insemination

Abstract

This article discusses the phenomenon of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and artificial
insemination as part of advances in reproductive technology from the perspective of
Islamic jurisprudence. Advances in medical science have enabled couples experiencing
difficulty conceiving children to achieve childbearing through scientific methods.
However, in Islam, all medical interventions must remain within the bounds of Islamic
law, particularly in terms of maintaining lineage, family honor, and marital law. This
study aims to explore the limitations and legal provisions regarding the permissibility
of IVF and artificial insemination practices in Islamic jurisprudence. The research was
conducted through a literature review of fatwas from the Indonesian Ulema Council
(MUI), the opinions of contemporary scholars such as Yusuf al-Qaradawi, Wahbah az
Zuhaili, and international fatwa institutions. The results of the study indicate that IVF
and artificial insemination are permissible in Islam if they use sperm and ovum from a
legally married couple and do not involve third-party donors or surrogate mothers. In
conclusion, Islam does not reject modern medical technology as long as it does not
conflict with the basic principles of Islamic law, such as maintaining lineage, honor, and
clarity of lineage.