From Formal Jurisdiction to Effective Resolution: A Three-Layer Model for Sharia Economic Disputes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70826/jsisnu.v3i2.1947Keywords:
Religious Courts, sharia economic disputes, jurisdictional certainty, Islamic finance, dispute resolutionAbstract
The expansion of Religious Court jurisdiction over sharia economic matters has strengthened certainty regarding the litigation forum, but forum certainty does not automatically produce consistent, efficient, and sharia-sensitive dispute resolution. This study examines the relationship between absolute jurisdiction, forum selection, coherence of legal sources, and procedural-institutional capacity in resolving sharia economic disputes in Indonesia. It applies normative legal research through statutory, conceptual, case, and functional comparative approaches. Legal materials are analysed through normative mapping, systematic interpretation, case analysis, and a limited comparison with scholarship on Islamic finance dispute resolution. The findings show that constitutional correction of forum dualism has strengthened the Religious Courts, yet residual problems remain in disputes involving collateral and third parties, the coordination of the Compilation of Sharia Economic Law, fatwas, and civil-law doctrine, procedural differentiation, and institutional capability. The article proposes a Three-Layer Jurisdictional Certainty Model integrating forum certainty, coherence of legal sources, and procedural-institutional effectiveness. The model treats formal jurisdiction as a foundation rather than an endpoint, requiring dispute resolution to be predictable, normatively coherent with sharia principles, procedurally proportionate, and legally enforceable. The findings support more consistent judicial reasoning, clearer dispute clauses, and stronger institutional governance for sharia economic adjudication across diverse transactions.
Downloads
References
Addiarrahman, A., & Yanti, I. (2020). Dari idealisme ke pragmatisme: Pergeseran paradigma dalam pengembangan hukum ekonomi syariah di Indonesia. Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v14i2.3408
Ahyani, H., Harahap, A. M., Mustofa, Rahim, A., Tanjung, I. U., Mutmainah, N., & Gumel, S. (2026). DSN-MUI Fatwas and Islamic Retirement Planning: A Maqasid al-Shariah Review of Financial Security among Non-Civil Servant Lecturers in Indonesia. Parewa Saraq: Journal of Islamic Law and Fatwa Review, 5(1), 102-120. https://doi.org/10.64016/parewasaraq.v5i1.78
Alidar, E. M. K., Maulana, M., Ramly, A., & Filzah, N. (2024). The Shared Values of Sharia Banking: Non-Muslims Under the Qanun on Islamic Financial Institutions in Aceh. AHKAM: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, 24(1), 185-198. https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v24i1.39188
Almaududi. (2024). Intersection of Jurisdiction in Resolving Sharia Banking Disputes in General Court. Jurnal Konstitusi. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk2126
Amirizal, A. A. M., & Barus, S. I. (2022). The Protection of Spiritual Rights in the Sharia Banking Dispute Settlement: Overview of the Sharia Banking Law in Indonesia. Padjadjaran Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 9(3), 388-407. https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v9n3.a5
Arifin, Z., Neli, N., Abdussalam, I., & Yacob, F. (2025). Transformation of Ijtihad of Nusantara Ulama in the Formulation of A Compilation of Sharia Economic Law from A Maslahah Perspective. Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam, 9(3), 1993-2012. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v9.i3.8324
Arsadani, Q., Djamil, F., Jahar, A. S., & Sholeh, M. A. N. (2024). The Progressiveness of Sharia Economic Fatwas: Direction of Islamic Legal Thoughts within NU and Muhammadiyah. AHKAM: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, 24(1), 153-170. https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v24i1.37775
Bantekas, I. (2021). Transnational Islamic Finance Disputes: Towards a Convergence with English Contract Law and International Arbitration. Journal of International Dispute Settlement, 12(3), 505-523. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnlids/idab008
Dahlan, A., Mawardi, & Mahfudz, S. (2023). The Crucial History of Sharia Banking Law Development in Indonesia. Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 17(1), 27-40. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v17i1.7191
El Maknouzi, M. E. H., Jadalhaq, I. M., Abdulhay, I. E., & Alqodsi, E. M. (2023). Islamic commercial arbitration and private international law: Mapping controversies and exploring pathways towards greater coordination. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10, 523. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-02031-z
Ghozali, M., Sup, D. F. A., Prastyaningsih, I., & Adan, H. Y. (2024). The Law Concept of Sharia Banking Compliance on Murabaha Financing in Indonesia. Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam, 8(3), 1391-1408. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v8i3.11313
Hamzah, I., Ahyani, H., Azmi, N., Tanjung, I. U., & Lousada, S. A. N. (2024). Legal Foundations for Inclusive Halal Tourism in West Java: Between Constitutional Principles and Practical Challenges. Syariah: Jurnal Hukum dan Pemikiran, 24(2), 503-529. https://doi.org/10.18592/sjhp.v24i2.15513
Harahap, B., Risfandy, T., & Futri, I. N. (2023). Islamic Law, Islamic Finance, and Sustainable Development Goals: A Systematic Literature Review. Sustainability, 15(8), 6626. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086626
Hariyanto, E. (2022). Public Trust in the Religious Court to Handle Dispute of Sharia Economy. AHKAM: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, 22(1), 185-208. https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v22i1.26216
Hariyanto, E., & Hamzah, M. (2022). Bibliometric Analysis of the Development of Islamic Economic Dispute Resolution Research in Indonesia. JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah), 21(2), 221-233. https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v21i2.6997
Hariyanto, E., Harisah, H., Hamzah, M., Mujib, F., Hidayatullah, & Marheni, C. L. (2023). In Search of Ummah Welfare Model: The Revitalisation of Sharia Economic Law in Indonesia. Sriwijaya Law Review, 7(2), 244-261. https://doi.org/10.28946/slrev.Vol7.Iss2.1080.pp244-261
Hasanudin, Kamsi, & Anshori, A. Y. (2024). The Contestation of Legal Foundations in the Resolution of Islamic Economic Disputes in Religious Courts. Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 18(2), 271-288. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v18i2.11934
Hasanudin, Mubarok, J., & Maulana, M. A.-F. (2023). Progressiveness of Islamic Economic Law in Indonesia: The Mura'at Al-'Ilal wa Al-Masalih Approach. Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam, 7(2), 1267-1292. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i2.17601
Hidayah, N., Muslim, M. B., & Azis, A. (2021). Jaminan Fidusia dalam Pembiayaan Murabahah: antara Jual Beli dan Hutang Piutang. Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 15(2), 187-200. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v15i2.5243
Hidayah, N., Muslim, M. B., & Azis, A. (2022). Complying with Sharia While Exempting from Value-Added Tax: Murabahah in Indonesian Islamic Banks. AHKAM: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, 22(1), 59-82. https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v22i1.22833
Irfan, M. N., Faizin, A., & Muslim, B. (2017). Peran Basyarnas dalam penyelesaian sengketa ekonomi syariah: Studi pandangan pelaku ekonomi syariah di Jakarta. Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 11(2), 145-160. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v11i2.1289
Karjoko, L., Jaelani, A. K., Tegnan, H., Glaser, H., & Hayat, M. J. (2021). Islamic Court's Approach to Land Dispute in Inheritance Cases. AHKAM: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, 21(2), 213-238. https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v21i2.21864
Manik, S. M. T., Yaswirman, Azheri, B., & Ikhwan. (2017). Settlement of Syariah Economic Dispute through the Special Court of Syariah Economic in the Religious Courts. AHKAM: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, 17(2), 435-448. https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v17i2.6082
Mawardi, A. I., & Riza, A. K. (2019). Why Did Kompilasi Hukum Islam Succeed While Its Counter Legal Draft Failed? A Political Context and Legal Arguments of the Codification of Islamic Law for Religious Courts in Indonesia. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 13(2), 421-453. https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2019.13.2.421-453
Najib, A. (2020). Kepastian hukum eksekusi dan pembatalan putusan arbitrase syariah pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 93/PUU-X/2012. Jurnal Konstitusi, 16(4), 861-882. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1649
Renie, E. (2021). The Urgency of Fatwa in The Law of Sharia Economics in Indonesia. JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah), 20(2), 201-208. https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v20i2.4059
Siregar, D., Pagar, P., & Harahap, A. M. (2023). Application of the Simple, Fast and Light Cost Principles in the Determination of Time for Case Settlement in the Religious Court / Syar'iyah Court in Perspective of Maqashid Syari'ah. JURNAL AKTA, 10(4), 275-285. https://doi.org/10.30659/akta.v10i2.34031
Supriyatni, R., & Nurjamil. (2021). The Urgency of Handling Non-Performing Financing in Sharia Banks in the Development of Indonesian Sharia Economics. Padjadjaran Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 8(1), 26-46. https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v8n1.a2
Susylawati, E., Susanti, D. O., Hamzah, M., & Madani, N. N. S. (2025). The Role of Religious Courts in Settling Sharia Economic Disputes in Indonesia: Genealogy Analysis of Constitutional Court Decision Number 93/PUU-X/2012. Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies, 10(1), 391-430. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v10i1.12564
Syamsudin, M. (2021). The Failure of the Court to Protect Consumers: A Review of Consumer Dispute Resolution in Indonesia. Journal of Consumer Policy, 44(1), 117-130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-020-09470-0
Syaugi. (2017). Konstitusi ekonomi syariah di Indonesia: Melacak argumen konstitusi terhadap penerapan ekonomi syariah. Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v11i2.1291
Yahya, I. (2017). Sengketa ekonomi syariah di Indonesia pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 93/PUU-X/2012. Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 10(1), 133-144. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v10i1.921
Yasardin, & Kooria, S. B. (2025). Revisiting the Compilation of Islamic Economic Law in Indonesia: Legal Challenges and Pathways to Harmonization. JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah), 24(1). https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v24i1.13736
Yunita, A. (2021). Penyelesaian sengketa ekonomi syariah melalui mediasi pada masa pandemi di Pengadilan Agama wilayah Yogyakarta. Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM, 28(2). https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol28.iss2.art10
Republic of Indonesia. (1989). Law No. 7 of 1989 on Religious Courts.
Republic of Indonesia. (1999). Law No. 30 of 1999 on Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution.
Republic of Indonesia. (2006). Law No. 3 of 2006 amending Law No. 7 of 1989 on Religious Courts.
Republic of Indonesia. (2008). Law No. 21 of 2008 on Sharia Banking.
Republic of Indonesia. (2009). Law No. 48 of 2009 on Judicial Power.
Republic of Indonesia. (2009). Law No. 50 of 2009 on the Second Amendment to Law No. 7 of 1989 on Religious Courts.
Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia. (2008). Supreme Court Regulation No. 2 of 2008 on the Compilation of Sharia Economic Law.
Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia. (2016). Supreme Court Regulation No. 1 of 2016 on Mediation Procedures in Court.
Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia. (2016). Supreme Court Regulation No. 14 of 2016 on Procedures for the Settlement of Sharia Economic Cases.
Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia. (2019). Supreme Court Regulation No. 4 of 2019 amending Supreme Court Regulation No. 2 of 2015 on Small Claim Procedures.
Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia. (2013). Decision No. 93/PUU-X/2012.
Religious Court of Pekanbaru. (2024). Decision No. 543/Pdt.G/2024/PA.Pbr.
Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia. (2024). Decision No. 97 K/Ag/2024.
Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia. (2024). Decision No. 299 K/Ag/2024.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Sahabat ISNU SU
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
